Active ingredient: metformin
Metformin is an oral medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as biguanides. It is commonly prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes, a condition in which the body does not effectively use insulin to control blood sugar levels. Metformin helps lower blood glucose levels by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improving the body's sensitivity to insulin.
Here are key points about metformin:
Indications for Use
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Metformin is primarily prescribed for people with type 2 diabetes to help control blood sugar levels.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): In some cases, metformin may be prescribed to women with PCOS to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles.
Dosage
The dosage of metformin can vary based on individual needs and medical conditions. It is usually taken with meals to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects. The typical starting dose for adults is 500 mg or 850 mg once daily, and it can be gradually increased. The maximum recommended daily dose is often around 2000-2550 mg.
Drug Interactions
Metformin can interact with other medications, potentially affecting their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Some common interactions include:
Cimetidine: May increase metformin levels in the blood.
Digoxin: Metformin may increase digoxin levels.
Diuretics: Increased risk of lactic acidosis (a rare but serious side effect) when used with certain diuretics.
Iodinated Contrast Materials: Metformin should be temporarily stopped before and after the use of these materials to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis.
It's important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Side Effects
Common side effects of metformin include:
Gastrointestinal Issues: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort. These symptoms often improve over time.
Lactic Acidosis: Although rare, it is a serious side effect. Symptoms include muscle pain, weakness, trouble breathing, and irregular heartbeat. Seek medical attention if any of these symptoms occur.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Long-term use of metformin may be associated with a decreased absorption of vitamin B12.
It's important to take metformin as prescribed by your healthcare provider and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor for potential side effects and adjust the treatment plan if necessary. Do not make changes to your medication regimen without consulting your healthcare professional.
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